Mise à jour le 22/12/2021
Ce contenu a été mis à jour le 22/12/2021 pour pointer vers la version 2.5.5 de Traefik Proxy et Kubernetes 1.20.
Aujourd’hui, nous déployons de plus en plus d’applications et de micro-services dans Kubernetes. Gérer tous les points d’entrée de ces applications peut être problématique. Pour faciliter cette gestion, il existe des ingress controller, Traefik est l’un d’entre eux
Traefik 2 - Un ingress controller pour les contrôler tous
Pourquoi utiliser Traefik ?
- Pour faire du reverse proxy simplement
- Pour centraliser toute la gestion des certificats
- Pour faire du loadbalancing TCP (disponible uniquement depuis Traefik 2)
- Pour faire de l’autodiscovery depuis Kubernetes
- Pour charger les nouveaux services dynamiquement, sans interruption de service
- Pour faire du multibackend (Mesos, Kubernetes, Docker etc…)
Image provenant du site officiel
Je vous propose donc ci-dessous un petit “hands on” Traefik 2, où nous déploierons Traefik dans un daemonset et nous mettrons un service “whoami” derrière. Nous mettrons aussi en place un certificat via Let’s Encrypt.
Le but, vous l’aurez compris, est de manipuler et voir les possibilités offertes par Traefik.
Prérequis
Nous allons dans un premier temps déployer des CRD Kubernetes (Custom Resources Definition), le but de ces dernières est de mettre à disposition des objets que Traefik va utiliser pour faciliter son déploiement.
---
apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1
kind: CustomResourceDefinition
metadata:
annotations:
controller-gen.kubebuilder.io/version: v0.6.2
creationTimestamp: null
name: ingressroutes.traefik.containo.us
spec:
group: traefik.containo.us
names:
kind: IngressRoute
listKind: IngressRouteList
plural: ingressroutes
singular: ingressroute
scope: Namespaced
versions:
- name: v1alpha1
schema:
openAPIV3Schema:
description: IngressRoute is an Ingress CRD specification.
properties:
apiVersion:
description: 'APIVersion defines the versioned schema of this representation
of an object. Servers should convert recognized schemas to the latest
internal value, and may reject unrecognized values. More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#resources'
type: string
kind:
description: 'Kind is a string value representing the REST resource this
object represents. Servers may infer this from the endpoint the client
submits requests to. Cannot be updated. In CamelCase. More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#types-kinds'
type: string
metadata:
type: object
spec:
description: IngressRouteSpec is a specification for a IngressRouteSpec
resource.
properties:
entryPoints:
items:
type: string
type: array
routes:
items:
description: Route contains the set of routes.
properties:
kind:
enum:
- Rule
type: string
match:
type: string
middlewares:
items:
description: MiddlewareRef is a ref to the Middleware resources.
properties:
name:
type: string
namespace:
type: string
required:
- name
type: object
type: array
priority:
type: integer
services:
items:
description: Service defines an upstream to proxy traffic.
properties:
kind:
enum:
- Service
- TraefikService
type: string
name:
description: Name is a reference to a Kubernetes Service
object (for a load-balancer of servers), or to a TraefikService
object (service load-balancer, mirroring, etc). The
differentiation between the two is specified in the
Kind field.
type: string
namespace:
type: string
passHostHeader:
type: boolean
port:
anyOf:
- type: integer
- type: string
x-kubernetes-int-or-string: true
responseForwarding:
description: ResponseForwarding holds configuration for
the forward of the response.
properties:
flushInterval:
type: string
type: object
scheme:
type: string
serversTransport:
type: string
sticky:
description: Sticky holds the sticky configuration.
properties:
cookie:
description: Cookie holds the sticky configuration
based on cookie.
properties:
httpOnly:
type: boolean
name:
type: string
sameSite:
type: string
secure:
type: boolean
type: object
type: object
strategy:
type: string
weight:
description: Weight should only be specified when Name
references a TraefikService object (and to be precise,
one that embeds a Weighted Round Robin).
type: integer
required:
- name
type: object
type: array
required:
- kind
- match
type: object
type: array
tls:
description: "TLS contains the TLS certificates configuration of the
routes. To enable Let's Encrypt, use an empty TLS struct, e.g. in
YAML: \n \t tls: {} # inline format \n \t tls: \t secretName:
# block format"
properties:
certResolver:
type: string
domains:
items:
description: Domain holds a domain name with SANs.
properties:
main:
type: string
sans:
items:
type: string
type: array
type: object
type: array
options:
description: Options is a reference to a TLSOption, that specifies
the parameters of the TLS connection.
properties:
name:
type: string
namespace:
type: string
required:
- name
type: object
secretName:
description: SecretName is the name of the referenced Kubernetes
Secret to specify the certificate details.
type: string
store:
description: Store is a reference to a TLSStore, that specifies
the parameters of the TLS store.
properties:
name:
type: string
namespace:
type: string
required:
- name
type: object
type: object
required:
- routes
type: object
required:
- metadata
- spec
type: object
served: true
storage: true
status:
acceptedNames:
kind: ""
plural: ""
conditions: []
storedVersions: []
---
apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1
kind: CustomResourceDefinition
metadata:
annotations:
controller-gen.kubebuilder.io/version: v0.6.2
creationTimestamp: null
name: ingressroutetcps.traefik.containo.us
spec:
group: traefik.containo.us
names:
kind: IngressRouteTCP
listKind: IngressRouteTCPList
plural: ingressroutetcps
singular: ingressroutetcp
scope: Namespaced
versions:
- name: v1alpha1
schema:
openAPIV3Schema:
description: IngressRouteTCP is an Ingress CRD specification.
properties:
apiVersion:
description: 'APIVersion defines the versioned schema of this representation
of an object. Servers should convert recognized schemas to the latest
internal value, and may reject unrecognized values. More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#resources'
type: string
kind:
description: 'Kind is a string value representing the REST resource this
object represents. Servers may infer this from the endpoint the client
submits requests to. Cannot be updated. In CamelCase. More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#types-kinds'
type: string
metadata:
type: object
spec:
description: IngressRouteTCPSpec is a specification for a IngressRouteTCPSpec
resource.
properties:
entryPoints:
items:
type: string
type: array
routes:
items:
description: RouteTCP contains the set of routes.
properties:
match:
type: string
middlewares:
description: Middlewares contains references to MiddlewareTCP
resources.
items:
description: ObjectReference is a generic reference to a Traefik
resource.
properties:
name:
type: string
namespace:
type: string
required:
- name
type: object
type: array
services:
items:
description: ServiceTCP defines an upstream to proxy traffic.
properties:
name:
type: string
namespace:
type: string
port:
anyOf:
- type: integer
- type: string
x-kubernetes-int-or-string: true
proxyProtocol:
description: ProxyProtocol holds the ProxyProtocol configuration.
properties:
version:
type: integer
type: object
terminationDelay:
type: integer
weight:
type: integer
required:
- name
- port
type: object
type: array
required:
- match
type: object
type: array
tls:
description: "TLSTCP contains the TLS certificates configuration of
the routes. To enable Let's Encrypt, use an empty TLS struct, e.g.
in YAML: \n \t tls: {} # inline format \n \t tls: \t secretName:
# block format"
properties:
certResolver:
type: string
domains:
items:
description: Domain holds a domain name with SANs.
properties:
main:
type: string
sans:
items:
type: string
type: array
type: object
type: array
options:
description: Options is a reference to a TLSOption, that specifies
the parameters of the TLS connection.
properties:
name:
type: string
namespace:
type: string
required:
- name
type: object
passthrough:
type: boolean
secretName:
description: SecretName is the name of the referenced Kubernetes
Secret to specify the certificate details.
type: string
store:
description: Store is a reference to a TLSStore, that specifies
the parameters of the TLS store.
properties:
name:
type: string
namespace:
type: string
required:
- name
type: object
type: object
required:
- routes
type: object
required:
- metadata
- spec
type: object
served: true
storage: true
status:
acceptedNames:
kind: ""
plural: ""
conditions: []
storedVersions: []
---
apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1
kind: CustomResourceDefinition
metadata:
annotations:
controller-gen.kubebuilder.io/version: v0.6.2
creationTimestamp: null
name: ingressrouteudps.traefik.containo.us
spec:
group: traefik.containo.us
names:
kind: IngressRouteUDP
listKind: IngressRouteUDPList
plural: ingressrouteudps
singular: ingressrouteudp
scope: Namespaced
versions:
- name: v1alpha1
schema:
openAPIV3Schema:
description: IngressRouteUDP is an Ingress CRD specification.
properties:
apiVersion:
description: 'APIVersion defines the versioned schema of this representation
of an object. Servers should convert recognized schemas to the latest
internal value, and may reject unrecognized values. More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#resources'
type: string
kind:
description: 'Kind is a string value representing the REST resource this
object represents. Servers may infer this from the endpoint the client
submits requests to. Cannot be updated. In CamelCase. More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#types-kinds'
type: string
metadata:
type: object
spec:
description: IngressRouteUDPSpec is a specification for a IngressRouteUDPSpec
resource.
properties:
entryPoints:
items:
type: string
type: array
routes:
items:
description: RouteUDP contains the set of routes.
properties:
services:
items:
description: ServiceUDP defines an upstream to proxy traffic.
properties:
name:
type: string
namespace:
type: string
port:
anyOf:
- type: integer
- type: string
x-kubernetes-int-or-string: true
weight:
type: integer
required:
- name
- port
type: object
type: array
type: object
type: array
required:
- routes
type: object
required:
- metadata
- spec
type: object
served: true
storage: true
status:
acceptedNames:
kind: ""
plural: ""
conditions: []
storedVersions: []
---
apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1
kind: CustomResourceDefinition
metadata:
annotations:
controller-gen.kubebuilder.io/version: v0.6.2
creationTimestamp: null
name: middlewares.traefik.containo.us
spec:
group: traefik.containo.us
names:
kind: Middleware
listKind: MiddlewareList
plural: middlewares
singular: middleware
scope: Namespaced
versions:
- name: v1alpha1
schema:
openAPIV3Schema:
description: Middleware is a specification for a Middleware resource.
properties:
apiVersion:
description: 'APIVersion defines the versioned schema of this representation
of an object. Servers should convert recognized schemas to the latest
internal value, and may reject unrecognized values. More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#resources'
type: string
kind:
description: 'Kind is a string value representing the REST resource this
object represents. Servers may infer this from the endpoint the client
submits requests to. Cannot be updated. In CamelCase. More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#types-kinds'
type: string
metadata:
type: object
spec:
description: MiddlewareSpec holds the Middleware configuration.
properties:
addPrefix:
description: AddPrefix holds the AddPrefix configuration.
properties:
prefix:
type: string
type: object
basicAuth:
description: BasicAuth holds the HTTP basic authentication configuration.
properties:
headerField:
type: string
realm:
type: string
removeHeader:
type: boolean
secret:
type: string
type: object
buffering:
description: Buffering holds the request/response buffering configuration.
properties:
maxRequestBodyBytes:
format: int64
type: integer
maxResponseBodyBytes:
format: int64
type: integer
memRequestBodyBytes:
format: int64
type: integer
memResponseBodyBytes:
format: int64
type: integer
retryExpression:
type: string
type: object
chain:
description: Chain holds a chain of middlewares.
properties:
middlewares:
items:
description: MiddlewareRef is a ref to the Middleware resources.
properties:
name:
type: string
namespace:
type: string
required:
- name
type: object
type: array
type: object
circuitBreaker:
description: CircuitBreaker holds the circuit breaker configuration.
properties:
expression:
type: string
type: object
compress:
description: Compress holds the compress configuration.
properties:
excludedContentTypes:
items:
type: string
type: array
type: object
contentType:
description: ContentType middleware - or rather its unique `autoDetect`
option - specifies whether to let the `Content-Type` header, if
it has not been set by the backend, be automatically set to a value
derived from the contents of the response. As a proxy, the default
behavior should be to leave the header alone, regardless of what
the backend did with it. However, the historic default was to always
auto-detect and set the header if it was nil, and it is going to
be kept that way in order to support users currently relying on
it. This middleware exists to enable the correct behavior until
at least the default one can be changed in a future version.
properties:
autoDetect:
type: boolean
type: object
digestAuth:
description: DigestAuth holds the Digest HTTP authentication configuration.
properties:
headerField:
type: string
realm:
type: string
removeHeader:
type: boolean
secret:
type: string
type: object
errors:
description: ErrorPage holds the custom error page configuration.
properties:
query:
type: string
service:
description: Service defines an upstream to proxy traffic.
properties:
kind:
enum:
- Service
- TraefikService
type: string
name:
description: Name is a reference to a Kubernetes Service object
(for a load-balancer of servers), or to a TraefikService
object (service load-balancer, mirroring, etc). The differentiation
between the two is specified in the Kind field.
type: string
namespace:
type: string
passHostHeader:
type: boolean
port:
anyOf:
- type: integer
- type: string
x-kubernetes-int-or-string: true
responseForwarding:
description: ResponseForwarding holds configuration for the
forward of the response.
properties:
flushInterval:
type: string
type: object
scheme:
type: string
serversTransport:
type: string
sticky:
description: Sticky holds the sticky configuration.
properties:
cookie:
description: Cookie holds the sticky configuration based
on cookie.
properties:
httpOnly:
type: boolean
name:
type: string
sameSite:
type: string
secure:
type: boolean
type: object
type: object
strategy:
type: string
weight:
description: Weight should only be specified when Name references
a TraefikService object (and to be precise, one that embeds
a Weighted Round Robin).
type: integer
required:
- name
type: object
status:
items:
type: string
type: array
type: object
forwardAuth:
description: ForwardAuth holds the http forward authentication configuration.
properties:
address:
type: string
authRequestHeaders:
items:
type: string
type: array
authResponseHeaders:
items:
type: string
type: array
authResponseHeadersRegex:
type: string
tls:
description: ClientTLS holds TLS specific configurations as client.
properties:
caOptional:
type: boolean
caSecret:
type: string
certSecret:
type: string
insecureSkipVerify:
type: boolean
type: object
trustForwardHeader:
type: boolean
type: object
headers:
description: Headers holds the custom header configuration.
properties:
accessControlAllowCredentials:
description: AccessControlAllowCredentials is only valid if true.
false is ignored.
type: boolean
accessControlAllowHeaders:
description: AccessControlAllowHeaders must be used in response
to a preflight request with Access-Control-Request-Headers set.
items:
type: string
type: array
accessControlAllowMethods:
description: AccessControlAllowMethods must be used in response
to a preflight request with Access-Control-Request-Method set.
items:
type: string
type: array
accessControlAllowOriginList:
description: AccessControlAllowOriginList is a list of allowable
origins. Can also be a wildcard origin "*".
items:
type: string
type: array
accessControlAllowOriginListRegex:
description: AccessControlAllowOriginListRegex is a list of allowable
origins written following the Regular Expression syntax (https://golang.org/pkg/regexp/).
items:
type: string
type: array
accessControlExposeHeaders:
description: AccessControlExposeHeaders sets valid headers for
the response.
items:
type: string
type: array
accessControlMaxAge:
description: AccessControlMaxAge sets the time that a preflight
request may be cached.
format: int64
type: integer
addVaryHeader:
description: AddVaryHeader controls if the Vary header is automatically
added/updated when the AccessControlAllowOriginList is set.
type: boolean
allowedHosts:
items:
type: string
type: array
browserXssFilter:
type: boolean
contentSecurityPolicy:
type: string
contentTypeNosniff:
type: boolean
customBrowserXSSValue:
type: string
customFrameOptionsValue:
type: string
customRequestHeaders:
additionalProperties:
type: string
type: object
customResponseHeaders:
additionalProperties:
type: string
type: object
featurePolicy:
description: 'Deprecated: use PermissionsPolicy instead.'
type: string
forceSTSHeader:
type: boolean
frameDeny:
type: boolean
hostsProxyHeaders:
items:
type: string
type: array
isDevelopment:
type: boolean
permissionsPolicy:
type: string
publicKey:
type: string
referrerPolicy:
type: string
sslForceHost:
description: 'Deprecated: use RedirectRegex instead.'
type: boolean
sslHost:
description: 'Deprecated: use RedirectRegex instead.'
type: string
sslProxyHeaders:
additionalProperties:
type: string
type: object
sslRedirect:
description: 'Deprecated: use EntryPoint redirection or RedirectScheme
instead.'
type: boolean
sslTemporaryRedirect:
description: 'Deprecated: use EntryPoint redirection or RedirectScheme
instead.'
type: boolean
stsIncludeSubdomains:
type: boolean
stsPreload:
type: boolean
stsSeconds:
format: int64
type: integer
type: object
inFlightReq:
description: InFlightReq limits the number of requests being processed
and served concurrently.
properties:
amount:
format: int64
type: integer
sourceCriterion:
description: SourceCriterion defines what criterion is used to
group requests as originating from a common source. If none
are set, the default is to use the request's remote address
field. All fields are mutually exclusive.
properties:
ipStrategy:
description: IPStrategy holds the ip strategy configuration.
properties:
depth:
type: integer
excludedIPs:
items:
type: string
type: array
type: object
requestHeaderName:
type: string
requestHost:
type: boolean
type: object
type: object
ipWhiteList:
description: IPWhiteList holds the ip white list configuration.
properties:
ipStrategy:
description: IPStrategy holds the ip strategy configuration.
properties:
depth:
type: integer
excludedIPs:
items:
type: string
type: array
type: object
sourceRange:
items:
type: string
type: array
type: object
passTLSClientCert:
description: PassTLSClientCert holds the TLS client cert headers configuration.
properties:
info:
description: TLSClientCertificateInfo holds the client TLS certificate
info configuration.
properties:
issuer:
description: TLSCLientCertificateDNInfo holds the client TLS
certificate distinguished name info configuration. cf https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3739
properties:
commonName:
type: boolean
country:
type: boolean
domainComponent:
type: boolean
locality:
type: boolean
organization:
type: boolean
province:
type: boolean
serialNumber:
type: boolean
type: object
notAfter:
type: boolean
notBefore:
type: boolean
sans:
type: boolean
serialNumber:
type: boolean
subject:
description: TLSCLientCertificateDNInfo holds the client TLS
certificate distinguished name info configuration. cf https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3739
properties:
commonName:
type: boolean
country:
type: boolean
domainComponent:
type: boolean
locality:
type: boolean
organization:
type: boolean
province:
type: boolean
serialNumber:
type: boolean
type: object
type: object
pem:
type: boolean
type: object
plugin:
additionalProperties:
x-kubernetes-preserve-unknown-fields: true
type: object
rateLimit:
description: RateLimit holds the rate limiting configuration for a
given router.
properties:
average:
format: int64
type: integer
burst:
format: int64
type: integer
period:
anyOf:
- type: integer
- type: string
x-kubernetes-int-or-string: true
sourceCriterion:
description: SourceCriterion defines what criterion is used to
group requests as originating from a common source. If none
are set, the default is to use the request's remote address
field. All fields are mutually exclusive.
properties:
ipStrategy:
description: IPStrategy holds the ip strategy configuration.
properties:
depth:
type: integer
excludedIPs:
items:
type: string
type: array
type: object
requestHeaderName:
type: string
requestHost:
type: boolean
type: object
type: object
redirectRegex:
description: RedirectRegex holds the redirection configuration.
properties:
permanent:
type: boolean
regex:
type: string
replacement:
type: string
type: object
redirectScheme:
description: RedirectScheme holds the scheme redirection configuration.
properties:
permanent:
type: boolean
port:
type: string
scheme:
type: string
type: object
replacePath:
description: ReplacePath holds the ReplacePath configuration.
properties:
path:
type: string
type: object
replacePathRegex:
description: ReplacePathRegex holds the ReplacePathRegex configuration.
properties:
regex:
type: string
replacement:
type: string
type: object
retry:
description: Retry holds the retry configuration.
properties:
attempts:
type: integer
initialInterval:
anyOf:
- type: integer
- type: string
x-kubernetes-int-or-string: true
type: object
stripPrefix:
description: StripPrefix holds the StripPrefix configuration.
properties:
forceSlash:
type: boolean
prefixes:
items:
type: string
type: array
type: object
stripPrefixRegex:
description: StripPrefixRegex holds the StripPrefixRegex configuration.
properties:
regex:
items:
type: string
type: array
type: object
type: object
required:
- metadata
- spec
type: object
served: true
storage: true
status:
acceptedNames:
kind: ""
plural: ""
conditions: []
storedVersions: []
---
apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1
kind: CustomResourceDefinition
metadata:
annotations:
controller-gen.kubebuilder.io/version: v0.6.2
creationTimestamp: null
name: middlewaretcps.traefik.containo.us
spec:
group: traefik.containo.us
names:
kind: MiddlewareTCP
listKind: MiddlewareTCPList
plural: middlewaretcps
singular: middlewaretcp
scope: Namespaced
versions:
- name: v1alpha1
schema:
openAPIV3Schema:
description: MiddlewareTCP is a specification for a MiddlewareTCP resource.
properties:
apiVersion:
description: 'APIVersion defines the versioned schema of this representation
of an object. Servers should convert recognized schemas to the latest
internal value, and may reject unrecognized values. More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#resources'
type: string
kind:
description: 'Kind is a string value representing the REST resource this
object represents. Servers may infer this from the endpoint the client
submits requests to. Cannot be updated. In CamelCase. More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#types-kinds'
type: string
metadata:
type: object
spec:
description: MiddlewareTCPSpec holds the MiddlewareTCP configuration.
properties:
ipWhiteList:
description: TCPIPWhiteList holds the TCP ip white list configuration.
properties:
sourceRange:
items:
type: string
type: array
type: object
type: object
required:
- metadata
- spec
type: object
served: true
storage: true
status:
acceptedNames:
kind: ""
plural: ""
conditions: []
storedVersions: []
---
apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1
kind: CustomResourceDefinition
metadata:
annotations:
controller-gen.kubebuilder.io/version: v0.6.2
creationTimestamp: null
name: serverstransports.traefik.containo.us
spec:
group: traefik.containo.us
names:
kind: ServersTransport
listKind: ServersTransportList
plural: serverstransports
singular: serverstransport
scope: Namespaced
versions:
- name: v1alpha1
schema:
openAPIV3Schema:
description: ServersTransport is a specification for a ServersTransport resource.
properties:
apiVersion:
description: 'APIVersion defines the versioned schema of this representation
of an object. Servers should convert recognized schemas to the latest
internal value, and may reject unrecognized values. More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#resources'
type: string
kind:
description: 'Kind is a string value representing the REST resource this
object represents. Servers may infer this from the endpoint the client
submits requests to. Cannot be updated. In CamelCase. More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#types-kinds'
type: string
metadata:
type: object
spec:
description: ServersTransportSpec options to configure communication between
Traefik and the servers.
properties:
certificatesSecrets:
description: Certificates for mTLS.
items:
type: string
type: array
disableHTTP2:
description: Disable HTTP/2 for connections with backend servers.
type: boolean
forwardingTimeouts:
description: Timeouts for requests forwarded to the backend servers.
properties:
dialTimeout:
anyOf:
- type: integer
- type: string
description: The amount of time to wait until a connection to
a backend server can be established. If zero, no timeout exists.
x-kubernetes-int-or-string: true
idleConnTimeout:
anyOf:
- type: integer
- type: string
description: The maximum period for which an idle HTTP keep-alive
connection will remain open before closing itself.
x-kubernetes-int-or-string: true
responseHeaderTimeout:
anyOf:
- type: integer
- type: string
description: The amount of time to wait for a server's response
headers after fully writing the request (including its body,
if any). If zero, no timeout exists.
x-kubernetes-int-or-string: true
type: object
insecureSkipVerify:
description: Disable SSL certificate verification.
type: boolean
maxIdleConnsPerHost:
description: If non-zero, controls the maximum idle (keep-alive) to
keep per-host. If zero, DefaultMaxIdleConnsPerHost is used.
type: integer
peerCertURI:
description: URI used to match against SAN URI during the peer certificate
verification.
type: string
rootCAsSecrets:
description: Add cert file for self-signed certificate.
items:
type: string
type: array
serverName:
description: ServerName used to contact the server.
type: string
type: object
required:
- metadata
- spec
type: object
served: true
storage: true
status:
acceptedNames:
kind: ""
plural: ""
conditions: []
storedVersions: []
---
apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1
kind: CustomResourceDefinition
metadata:
annotations:
controller-gen.kubebuilder.io/version: v0.6.2
creationTimestamp: null
name: tlsoptions.traefik.containo.us
spec:
group: traefik.containo.us
names:
kind: TLSOption
listKind: TLSOptionList
plural: tlsoptions
singular: tlsoption
scope: Namespaced
versions:
- name: v1alpha1
schema:
openAPIV3Schema:
description: TLSOption is a specification for a TLSOption resource.
properties:
apiVersion:
description: 'APIVersion defines the versioned schema of this representation
of an object. Servers should convert recognized schemas to the latest
internal value, and may reject unrecognized values. More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#resources'
type: string
kind:
description: 'Kind is a string value representing the REST resource this
object represents. Servers may infer this from the endpoint the client
submits requests to. Cannot be updated. In CamelCase. More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#types-kinds'
type: string
metadata:
type: object
spec:
description: TLSOptionSpec configures TLS for an entry point.
properties:
alpnProtocols:
items:
type: string
type: array
cipherSuites:
items:
type: string
type: array
clientAuth:
description: ClientAuth defines the parameters of the client authentication
part of the TLS connection, if any.
properties:
clientAuthType:
description: ClientAuthType defines the client authentication
type to apply.
enum:
- NoClientCert
- RequestClientCert
- VerifyClientCertIfGiven
- RequireAndVerifyClientCert
type: string
secretNames:
description: SecretName is the name of the referenced Kubernetes
Secret to specify the certificate details.
items:
type: string
type: array
type: object
curvePreferences:
items:
type: string
type: array
maxVersion:
type: string
minVersion:
type: string
preferServerCipherSuites:
type: boolean
sniStrict:
type: boolean
type: object
required:
- metadata
- spec
type: object
served: true
storage: true
status:
acceptedNames:
kind: ""
plural: ""
conditions: []
storedVersions: []
---
apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1
kind: CustomResourceDefinition
metadata:
annotations:
controller-gen.kubebuilder.io/version: v0.6.2
creationTimestamp: null
name: tlsstores.traefik.containo.us
spec:
group: traefik.containo.us
names:
kind: TLSStore
listKind: TLSStoreList
plural: tlsstores
singular: tlsstore
scope: Namespaced
versions:
- name: v1alpha1
schema:
openAPIV3Schema:
description: TLSStore is a specification for a TLSStore resource.
properties:
apiVersion:
description: 'APIVersion defines the versioned schema of this representation
of an object. Servers should convert recognized schemas to the latest
internal value, and may reject unrecognized values. More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#resources'
type: string
kind:
description: 'Kind is a string value representing the REST resource this
object represents. Servers may infer this from the endpoint the client
submits requests to. Cannot be updated. In CamelCase. More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#types-kinds'
type: string
metadata:
type: object
spec:
description: TLSStoreSpec configures a TLSStore resource.
properties:
defaultCertificate:
description: DefaultCertificate holds a secret name for the TLSOption
resource.
properties:
secretName:
description: SecretName is the name of the referenced Kubernetes
Secret to specify the certificate details.
type: string
required:
- secretName
type: object
required:
- defaultCertificate
type: object
required:
- metadata
- spec
type: object
served: true
storage: true
status:
acceptedNames:
kind: ""
plural: ""
conditions: []
storedVersions: []
---
apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1
kind: CustomResourceDefinition
metadata:
annotations:
controller-gen.kubebuilder.io/version: v0.6.2
creationTimestamp: null
name: traefikservices.traefik.containo.us
spec:
group: traefik.containo.us
names:
kind: TraefikService
listKind: TraefikServiceList
plural: traefikservices
singular: traefikservice
scope: Namespaced
versions:
- name: v1alpha1
schema:
openAPIV3Schema:
description: TraefikService is the specification for a service (that an IngressRoute
refers to) that is usually not a terminal service (i.e. not a pod of servers),
as opposed to a Kubernetes Service. That is to say, it usually refers to
other (children) services, which themselves can be TraefikServices or Services.
properties:
apiVersion:
description: 'APIVersion defines the versioned schema of this representation
of an object. Servers should convert recognized schemas to the latest
internal value, and may reject unrecognized values. More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#resources'
type: string
kind:
description: 'Kind is a string value representing the REST resource this
object represents. Servers may infer this from the endpoint the client
submits requests to. Cannot be updated. In CamelCase. More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#types-kinds'
type: string
metadata:
type: object
spec:
description: ServiceSpec defines whether a TraefikService is a load-balancer
of services or a mirroring service.
properties:
mirroring:
description: Mirroring defines a mirroring service, which is composed
of a main load-balancer, and a list of mirrors.
properties:
kind:
enum:
- Service
- TraefikService
type: string
maxBodySize:
format: int64
type: integer
mirrors:
items:
description: MirrorService defines one of the mirrors of a Mirroring
service.
properties:
kind:
enum:
- Service
- TraefikService
type: string
name:
description: Name is a reference to a Kubernetes Service
object (for a load-balancer of servers), or to a TraefikService
object (service load-balancer, mirroring, etc). The differentiation
between the two is specified in the Kind field.
type: string
namespace:
type: string
passHostHeader:
type: boolean
percent:
type: integer
port:
anyOf:
- type: integer
- type: string
x-kubernetes-int-or-string: true
responseForwarding:
description: ResponseForwarding holds configuration for
the forward of the response.
properties:
flushInterval:
type: string
type: object
scheme:
type: string
serversTransport:
type: string
sticky:
description: Sticky holds the sticky configuration.
properties:
cookie:
description: Cookie holds the sticky configuration based
on cookie.
properties:
httpOnly:
type: boolean
name:
type: string
sameSite:
type: string
secure:
type: boolean
type: object
type: object
strategy:
type: string
weight:
description: Weight should only be specified when Name references
a TraefikService object (and to be precise, one that embeds
a Weighted Round Robin).
type: integer
required:
- name
type: object
type: array
name:
description: Name is a reference to a Kubernetes Service object
(for a load-balancer of servers), or to a TraefikService object
(service load-balancer, mirroring, etc). The differentiation
between the two is specified in the Kind field.
type: string
namespace:
type: string
passHostHeader:
type: boolean
port:
anyOf:
- type: integer
- type: string
x-kubernetes-int-or-string: true
responseForwarding:
description: ResponseForwarding holds configuration for the forward
of the response.
properties:
flushInterval:
type: string
type: object
scheme:
type: string
serversTransport:
type: string
sticky:
description: Sticky holds the sticky configuration.
properties:
cookie:
description: Cookie holds the sticky configuration based on
cookie.
properties:
httpOnly:
type: boolean
name:
type: string
sameSite:
type: string
secure:
type: boolean
type: object
type: object
strategy:
type: string
weight:
description: Weight should only be specified when Name references
a TraefikService object (and to be precise, one that embeds
a Weighted Round Robin).
type: integer
required:
- name
type: object
weighted:
description: WeightedRoundRobin defines a load-balancer of services.
properties:
services:
items:
description: Service defines an upstream to proxy traffic.
properties:
kind:
enum:
- Service
- TraefikService
type: string
name:
description: Name is a reference to a Kubernetes Service
object (for a load-balancer of servers), or to a TraefikService
object (service load-balancer, mirroring, etc). The differentiation
between the two is specified in the Kind field.
type: string
namespace:
type: string
passHostHeader:
type: boolean
port:
anyOf:
- type: integer
- type: string
x-kubernetes-int-or-string: true
responseForwarding:
description: ResponseForwarding holds configuration for
the forward of the response.
properties:
flushInterval:
type: string
type: object
scheme:
type: string
serversTransport:
type: string
sticky:
description: Sticky holds the sticky configuration.
properties:
cookie:
description: Cookie holds the sticky configuration based
on cookie.
properties:
httpOnly:
type: boolean
name:
type: string
sameSite:
type: string
secure:
type: boolean
type: object
type: object
strategy:
type: string
weight:
description: Weight should only be specified when Name references
a TraefikService object (and to be precise, one that embeds
a Weighted Round Robin).
type: integer
required:
- name
type: object
type: array
sticky:
description: Sticky holds the sticky configuration.
properties:
cookie:
description: Cookie holds the sticky configuration based on
cookie.
properties:
httpOnly:
type: boolean
name:
type: string
sameSite:
type: string
secure:
type: boolean
type: object
type: object
type: object
type: object
required:
- metadata
- spec
type: object
served: true
storage: true
status:
acceptedNames:
kind: ""
plural: ""
conditions: []
storedVersions: []
Déploiement de Traefik
Maintenant que nous avons déployé nos prérequis, nous allons pouvoir mettre en place un RBAC pour Traefik que nous déploierons en temps que Daemonset.
Le RBAC permettra à Traefik de faire l’autodiscovery sur Kubernetes, il utilisera des droits en lecture seule sur plusieurs objets.
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: {{deploy_name}}
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- services
- endpoints
- secrets
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- extensions
- networking.k8s.io
resources:
- ingresses
- ingressclasses
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- extensions
resources:
- ingresses/status
verbs:
- update
- apiGroups:
- traefik.containo.us
resources:
- middlewares
- middlewaretcps
- ingressroutes
- traefikservices
- ingressroutetcps
- ingressrouteudps
- tlsoptions
- tlsstores
- serverstransports
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: traefik-ingress-controller
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: traefik-ingress-controller
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: traefik-ingress-controller
namespace: default
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: traefik-ingress-controller
namespace: default
Une fois le ServiceAccount créé et configuré pour être utilisé, nous pouvons déployer notre agent Traefik en tant que DaemonSet, en plus d’un service Traefik pour porter le dashboard.
À propos du déploiement en tant que DaemonSet
Dans ce hands on, j’ai choisi de déployer Traefik en tant que DaemonSet, il sera donc déployé sur l’ensemble des noeuds de mon cluster Kubernetes. C’est le mode de déploiement qui est souvent choisi pour les ingress controllers afin d’avoir une forte redondance de cette brique critique, d’être au plus proche des backends et donc d’optimiser les flux et les ressources.
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: traefik-ingress-controller
labels:
k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
name: traefik-ingress-lb
spec:
hostNetwork: true
dnsPolicy: ClusterFirstWithHostNet
serviceAccountName: traefik-ingress-controller
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 60
tolerations:
- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
effect: NoSchedule
containers:
- image: traefik:v2.5.5
name: traefik-ingress-lb
imagePullPolicy: Always
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: "/cert/"
name: cert
resources:
requests:
cpu: 100m
memory: 20Mi
args:
- --providers.kubernetescrd
- --entrypoints.web.address=:80
- --entrypoints.websecure.address=:443
- --api.insecure
- --certificatesresolvers.le.acme.email=masuperadresse@monmail.com
- --certificatesresolvers.le.acme.storage=/cert/acme.json
- --certificatesResolvers.le.acme.httpChallenge.entryPoint=web
volumes:
- name: cert
hostPath:
path: /home/kube/traefik/certs/
type: Directory
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: traefik-web-ui
spec:
selector:
k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
app: traefik-ingress-lb
ports:
- port: 8080
targetPort: 8080
name: api
- port: 443
targetPort: 443
name: websecure
- port: 80
targetPort: 80
name: web
Comme on peut le voir dans le bloc ci-dessus, on déploie donc Traefik, ainsi que ses services, pour exposer les ports http et https, ainsi que le dashboard.
Attention, dans cette configuration, le dashboard est déployé sans authentification !
De plus, je créé un répertoire local dans lequel je stockerai mes certificats, car Let’s Encrypt limite le nombre de requêtes hebdomadaires pour un même certificat. À noter que Traefik, dans sa version communautaire ne gère pas ses certificats en mode “cluster”, cette option est spécifique à la version Entreprise.
| Traefik 1.7 | TraefikEE 1 | Traefik 2.1 | TraefikEE 2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Load Balancing HTTP | Oui | Oui | Oui | Oui |
| Load Balancing TCP | Non | Non | Oui | Oui |
| Certificats Let’s Encrypt | Oui, mais nombre de requêtes limitées | Oui, nombre de requêtes illimités | Oui, mais nombre de requêtes limitées | Oui, nombre de requêtes illimités |
| Configuration distribuée | Non | Oui, centralisée sur des noeuds "Control plane" | Oui | Oui, centralisée sur des noeuds "Control plane" |
| Authentification LDAP | Non | Non | Non | Oui |
Plus d'informations sur TraefikEE 1 ici et TraefikEE 2 ici
En configuration “prod ready”, on pourra bien sûr déporter ce stockage vers une ressource partagée plutôt qu’un stockage local sur le noeud Kube, qui est à proscrire dans la plupart des cas. Néanmoins, dans le cas d’une gestion “ACME” des certificats, cela peut poser souci, le noeud qui requête le certificat n’étant pas forcément le noeud qui le reçoit.
À ce point, vous devriez pouvoir accéder au dashboard de Traefik sur le port 8080.
Source : Documentation officielle
Déploiement d’un backend : Whoami
Pour terminer notre déploiement, je vais ajouter un backend, basé sur l’image containous/whoami.
Nous allons donc créer un deployment qui mettra en place notre pod.
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: whoami
labels:
app: whoami
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: whoami
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: whoami
spec:
containers:
- name: whoami
image: whoami:v1.4.0
imagePullPolicy: Always
ports:
- containerPort: 80
Enfin, nous allons ajouter un service, qui permettra d’exposer nos containers au sein de notre cluster Kubernetes, puis un ingressroute, objet que nous avons créé via les CRD plus tôt, qui permet de porter toute la configuration nécessaire à Traefik.
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: whoami
spec:
ports:
- port: 80
name: web
protocol: TCP
selector:
app: whoami
---
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
name: whoami-web
spec:
entryPoints:
- web
routes:
- kind: Rule
match: Host(`mydomain.com`) && PathPrefix(`/`)
services:
- name: whoami
port: 80
---
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
name: whoami-web-tls
spec:
entryPoints:
- websecure
routes:
- kind: Rule
match: Host(`mydomain.com`) && PathPrefix(`/`)
services:
- name: whoami
port: 80
tls:
certResolver: le
Concernant les ingressroute, on peut observer :
- Qu’il y a deux définitions, une en http et une en https
- Que la partie https est configurée pour requêter automatiquement son certificat auprès de Let’s Encrypt (“le” en certResolver) dans le cas où l’application ne l’aurait pas déjà
- Que les règles de routage sont portées par l’ingressroute
À partir de ce point, vous devriez maintenant pouvoir accéder à vos pods via le port 80 ou 443 pour la partie sécurisée.
Pour aller plus loin…
Nous avons vu comment déployer basiquement Traefik avec un backend dans Kubernetes. Nous n’avons cependant touché qu’à la partie émergée de Traefik.
Pour aller plus loin nous pourrions :
- Configurer plus finement la partie TLS (ciphers / curves / version TLS)
- Mettre en place des middlewares pour faire, par exemple, du ray tracing
- Mettre en place du load balancing TCP
- Faire du multi backend
- Externaliser les logs
- Plugger Traefik à Prometheus pour externaliser ses métriques
Ces points seront sans doute abordés ultérieurement sur ce blog, donc stay tuned !
Commentaires